HAL'S Integrated Cryogenic Engines Manufacturing Facility: President Draupadi Murmu inaugurated the Integrated Cryogenic Engines Manufacturing Facility of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Key Points

• She also laid the foundation stone for the zonal institute of virology virtually on the occasion.
• She is in her first visit to any state as the President of India.
• A cryogenic engine uses a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer (or both) liquefied, which is stored at very low temperatures. 
• Presently, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is using these engines for its heavy light rockets. 

India’s first High Thrust Cryogenic Rocket Engine:

• In 2015, India’s first indigenously designed and developed High Thrust cryogenic rocket engine generating a nominal thrust of 19 tonnes was successfully endurance tested for a duration of 800 seconds at ISRO’s Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri. 
• The engine is being used for powering the Cryogenic stage (C25), the upper stage of ISRO’s GSLV Mk-III launch vehicle, which is capable of launching four tonne class satellites.
• To put things in perspective, the cryogenic engine of C25 Stage operates on Gas Generator Cycle using extremely low temperature propellants. 
• The various subsystems of the engine are – regeneratively cooled Thrust Chamber, Gas Generator, LOX and LH2 high speed turbopump systems, flow control components, close loop mixture ratio control system, Pyrogen igniters, fluid systems, among others.
• This high performance cryogenic engine was conceived, configured and realised by Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), the lead centre of ISRO, which is responsible for developing liquid propulsion systems for the Indian Space Programme. 
• The Engine design was a totally in-house effort with experts from different fields like fluid dynamics, combustion, thermal, structural, metallurgy, fabrication, rotor dynamics, control components, etc., coming together to make it a success.

Source: AIR