CSA6: Scientists from Bengaluru’s Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Adva Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India and Christophe d’Enfert’s group at Institut Pasteur, Paris, France have recently identified the gene called "CSA6" in .

Key Details:

• The study published in the journal Nature Communications represents the first-ever report of such an extensive screen in the human fungal pathogen C. albicans.
• C. albicans is a type of fungal species infamous for causing high rates of morbidity and morality under certain immuno-compromised conditions such as AIDS or during cancer treatment.
• According to the department of science and technology (DST) — JNCASR is an autonomous institute under DST, the fungal species residing in mucosal linings of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract of healthy individuals turns into a pathogen under immuno-compromised conditions breaching the host defense causing superficial as well as life-threatening systemic infection.

Significance:

• This newly identified gene can hold the key to prevent fungal infection Candidiasis that often affects intensive-care unit (ICU) patients, cancer patients and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.

About the study:

• In a recent collaborative study between JNCASR and Christophe d’Enfert’s group at Institut Pasteur, authors carried out a large-scale screen to identify regulators of chromosome stability in C. albicans, a clinically relevant fungal model system.
• The authors from JNCASR, individually screened the effect of overexpression of more than a thousand genes of C. albicans on genome stability and were successful in identifying a set of six chromosome stability (CSA) genes that are important for maintaining genome integrity.
• While five of the CSA genes identified in the study are known to be important for cell division in other species, the sixth CSA gene, named CSA6 encoded for a protein that is essential for viability in C. albicans.
• They found that Csa6 was a critical regulator of cell cycle progression wherein both overexpression and deletion of Csa6 lead to reduced growth of C. albicans cells.
• The study, further identifies and elucidates the functions of a novel regulator of chromosome stability that is exclusively present in a group of medically relevant human fungal pathogens.
• Besides, it also provides a systematic scheme for identifying genes whose products may serve as potential therapeutic interventions for fungal infections by posing lesser adverse effects on humans.

• Hence, small molecule modulators that alter expression levels of the gene called Csa6 offer potential avenues for treatment with no side effects in humans.