2022 Global Gender Gap Index: The World Economic Forum(WEF) recently released the Global Gender Gap Index, 2022 (GGGI 2022).
Key findings of the index:
- As per the index, it will now take 132 years to reach gender parity, with the gap reducing only by four years since 2021 and the gender gap closed by 68.1%.
- South Asia will take the longest to reach gender parity, which is estimated to be likely in 197 years.
Global Gender Gap Score of India:
- India ranks poorly among its neighbours and is behind Bangladesh (71), Nepal (96), Sri Lanka (110), Maldives (117) and Bhutan (126).
- Only the performance of Iran (143), Pakistan (145) and Afghanistan(146) was worse than India in South Asia.
- As per the index India is ranked at 135 out of 146 countries.
- In 2022, India’s overall score has improved from 0.625 (in 2021) to 0.629.
India ranks -
- 146 in health and survival,
- 143 in economic participation and opportunity,
- 107 in educational attainment and
- 48 in political empowerment.
- India has scored the seventh-highest score in the last 16 years.
- In 2021, India was ranked 140 out of 156 countries.
- India also “recovered” ground since 2021 in economic participation and opportunity though the report goes on to add that the labour force participation shrunk for both men (by -9.5 percentage points) and women (-3 percentage points).
Global findings:
- Although no country achieved full gender parity, the top 10 economies closed at least 80% of their gender gaps, with Iceland (90.8%) leading the global ranking.
- Iceland (90.8%) has retained its place as the world’s most gender-equal country, followed by Finland (86%, 2nd), Norway (84.5%, 3rd) and Sweden (82.2%, 5th) and New Zealand ( (84.1%) are in the top five.
What is Global Gender Gap Index?
- The first Global Gender Gap Report was published in 2006 by the World Economic Forum (WEF).
- Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks the current state and evolution of gender parity across four key dimensions:
- Economic Participation and Opportunity- This includes indicators like the proportion of women in the labour force, salary parity for comparable job, earned income, etc.
- Educational Attainment- This sub-index takes into account indicators including the literacy rate and enrollment rates for primary, secondary, and postsecondary education.
- Health and Survival- This includes two metrics: the sex ratio at birth (in %) and healthy life expectancy (in years).
- Political Empowerment- This includes statistics like the proportion of women in parliament and government positions, among other things.
- On each of the above four dimensions as well as overall, the index provides scores between 0 and 1 where 1 shows full gender parity and 0 is complete imparity.
- Its cross-country comparisons are intended to aid in the identification of the most successful gender gap-closing policies.
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